Gender Roles And How They Were Portrayed By Lorraine...

â€Å"You just wish sometimes that people would treat you like a human being rather than seeing your gender first and who you are second.†(O’Grady) Frances O’Gradys quote ties into the drama written by Lorraine Hansberry A Raisin In the Sun because throughout the entire movie there was many things said and some actions that showed gender defined who they were. The topic being discussed is gender roles and how they were portrayed in the movie. There will be a formalistic summary and the topic that will be discussed is gender roles through out the drama A Raisin In the Sun and how each character portrayed it. The setting of A Raisin In the Sun is the Chicago slums in the 1950’s. The point of view of the drama is dramatic point of view. The main family is the Youngers, in this family the main protagonists are Mama, Ruth, Beneatha, and Travis. In the beginning the protagonists Ruth and Walter are having some marital problems. They were fighting because Walter was a money hungry man who was stuck being a chauffeur. Later in the plot when Mama comes into the plot she nags about how Ruth is not raising Travis the right way and how Beneatha, the sister, dresses and how Walter acts. Later on when Mama gets her insurance check for her late husband s life insurance it causes a lot of problems and bumps in the plot. Beneatha wants to use the money for medical school, but Walter wants it for a liquor store. The climax of the story is after Mama gives Walter the money and tells himShow MoreRelatedGreat American Play By Lorraine Hansberry Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesIntro: Opportunity and inequality have been portrayed in America since It’s existence. In this great American play written by Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun, Opportunity for the Younger family is being told without the death of a relative or family member, money will always be a complication when reaching for higher possibilities. As, said in the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.† But if all menRead MoreMale Vs Female : Playwrights Of The 1950 S2361 Words   |  10 PagesMale Vs Female Black Vs White: Playwrights of the 1950’s Lorraine Hansberry was the first Black woman to pen a Broadway play. In her writings, she wrote male characters, many of whom were male protagonists. Being the feminist that she was, many people saw Hansberry’s depiction of Black men in one of two ways; either as an unhappy retreat from her feminist concerns or as a negative representation of Black manhood. Throughout her career, in works such as â€Å"The Village Voice† and â€Å"Les Blancs† Hansberry’sRead MoreHow Storytelling Is A Link And Establishes Order Essay1945 Words   |  8 Pagestheir people. African-American writers sought to necessitate change throughout their writing. Through their storytelling, these writers have vividly portrayed the way African-Americans were mistreated, disenfranchise, their feelings toward oppressions, and their ability to endure despite it. African American Authors such as James Baldwin, Lorraine Hansberry, James Oliver Killen, Nora Zeale Hurston and Toni Morssion ad dress the issue of race in their writing. In this paper, I am going to discuss the similarities

Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill - 816 Words

At the very beginning of this work of his, The subjection of Women, Mill sets forth the objective of the essay. He explains in clear terms that the legal subordination of one sex to the other is wrong in itself. This principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality. This principle should admit no power or privileges on the one side or disabilities on the other. Mill rejects society’s claim that the subordination of women is ‘natural’. According to him, this is a product of custom and however universal they may be, they afford presumptions. He says that they ought not create any prejudice in favour of the very arrangement which places women in social†¦show more content†¦Infact they do not want them to be slaves but to be their favourites. That is the very reason why they have made the best efforts to enslave their minds. He elaborates his argument saying that men wanted simple obedience from women and hence the educated them on such lines so as to make them submissive and yielding. They were brought up with the belief that they were not supposed to govern or rule over men. Inspite of the handicaps which a women bears, he strongly defends the cause of women saying that these fragments of the past are discordant with the future and must necessarily disappear. The essay is basically concerned about the admissibility of women to all functions and occupations, which has been retained as the monopoly of the stronger sex and is in the quest for the equality of women. It has been wrongly believed that women are incapable of certain employments which are open to even the basest of males and the societys very thinking that they, women, depart from the real path of success and happiness when they aspire to it. Such specialties include politic, science and philosophy. On the contrary, many women have proved themselves capable of everything, perhaps without a single exception, which is done by men. The unfitness of women for ‘these’ occupations is sometimes based on what has come to be known as the nature of women according to which the mental constitution of women differs from that of men.Show MoreRelatedThe Subjection Of Women By John Stuart Mill1724 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by John Stuart Mill in 1860-1861, as the Victorian era took place in England, â€Å"The Subjection of Women† is a critical piece of analysis in regards to the status of women in society and their unequal relationship with the opposite sex. During Mill s lifetime, women were considered to be inferior to men by custom and laws, and therefore, they were expected to be submissive in nature. Deeply influenced by the ideas of his wife Harriet Taylor Mill, and John Stuart Mill’s own beliefs, â€Å"The SubjectionRead More Theme of Inequality in The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill564 Words   |  3 Pages In the essay, The Subjection on Women, the author John Stuart Mill describes his views on the inequality between men and women. He gives his opinion on why men have so much power over women and why this occurs. John Stuart Mill describes a principle and system that regulates the social relations between women and men. The principle Mill proposes is the legal subordination of one sex to the other. He is referring to the dominance that men have over women. In 1869, the Parliament in EuropeRead MoreUtilitarian Perspective On Feminism1563 Words   |  7 PagesA Utilitarian Perspective on Women’s Rights John Stuart Mill’s discussion of the subjection of women leaves many scholars regarding him as one of the first feminist philosophers of his time. His work analyzes and questions the everyday perspectives on women’s rights, and challenges common societal notions. Many philosophers today look to his work for a variety of reasons; some applaud his work for being ahead of it’s time. Others dismiss it, claiming that it’s flawed due to personal attachment.Read More Comparing John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women and Florence Nightingales Cassandra1022 Words   |  5 PagesComparing John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women and Florence Nightingales Cassandra For thousands of years, women have struggled under the domination of men. In a great many societies around the world, men hold the power and women have to fight for their roles as equals in these patriarchal societies. Florence Nightingale wrote about such a society in her piece, Cassandra, and John Stuart Mill wrote further on the subject in his essay The Subjection of Women. These two pieces exploreRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill : An Influential Philosopher Of The 19th Century1252 Words   |  6 PagesTierra Myers Mr. Berkoben English IV 26 October 2016 John Stuart Mill Not only did Harriet Burrow give birth to a son but also the most influential philosopher of the 19th century. Exploring the life of as well as evaluate the work of and examine the impact of John Stuart Mill gives us as readers and understanding of why this man deserves this title. Born May 20, 1806, John Stuart Mill became the son of James and Harriet Burrow. As a child he faced multiple struggles; being the only child meantRead More The Philosophies of John Stuart Mill as a Guide for the World4253 Words   |  18 PagesThe Philosophies of John Stuart Mill as a Guide for the World Dr. Pests comments: This students term paper is a model of how to apply the philosophical concepts of a previous century to our present society. She showed how the ideas of John Stuart Mill can be used by intelligent people to construct a society with more opportunities for women and to insure respect for intellectual freedom. As the world moves into the twenty-first century, it faces many problems. War, disease, over-populationRead MoreTreatment of Women in John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women649 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Stuart Mill is a British philosopher who argued for the emancipation of women and recognition of their legal rights. In his essay The Subjection of Women he calls for the social and legal equality for women. He writes about women having equal rights as men and implies that if women were given the same opportunities as men then they would feel as human as the rest of mankind. Women in his culture were treated differently than men, but he says that if they were treated the same then women nowRead MoreA Research Paper on the Life of John Stuart Mill876 Words   |  3 PagesThis research paper focuses on the life of John Stuart Mill and how it affected his economic theories. John Stuart Mill’s grew up unlike most, raised since his adolescence to be the face of utilitarianism. T his upbringing may have had some effect on his theories and overall beliefs in his economic policies. Born in 1806, John Stuart Mill was the son of economist James Mill. From a very early age his father instilled a discipline of studies. When he was very young he began to read Latin, and comprehendRead More The Subjection of Women and Slavery Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn this first unit, one of the readings that really caught my attention was John Stuart Mill’s The Subjection of Women. In his essay, Mill’s presents a very compelling argument that the subordination of one sex to another is wrong and that there should be instead, perfect equality amongst the sexes. Having previously studied about gender inequality issues from another class, I have a broad understanding of how and why gender inequality has been perpetuated through various historical, political, andRead MoreThe Equality Of Women By Simone De Beauvoir1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Equality of Women Simone de Beauvoir, Virginia Woolf, and John Stuart Mill argued for women’s equality and independence from men. Their theses explored the beginnings of inequality between man and woman. While Mill places the root cause of women’s subordination as the result of prehistoric law of force, Woolf and de Beauvoir place blame with the Myth of Femininity and Chasity. All three theories have harmed women’s views of themselves and allowed for centuries of teaching women to be selfless

Cyclical Unemployment Changes Management

Question: Discuss about the Cyclical Unemployment Changes Management. Answer: Introduction: For a long time now, unemployment has been a major issue globally. Today, the continued loss of employment opportunities in the Australian economy has brought about a significant increase in unemployment in the country. Primarily, persons are considered unemployed if they fail to work for approximately one paid hour per week, yet they were actively looking for employment opportunities. Typically, joblessness in Australia is mainly due to lack of skilled labor. As such, a large proportion of the population comprises of young and older persons who lack the capacity and skills required by employers. For this reason, the government has identified lack of job opportunities as a propeller of unemployment and has put instigated structural reforms such as tax reductions, incentives for local firms to encourage expansion rather than closure, budgetary policies, and other reforms. Cyclical unemployment changes with respect to variations in economic conditions. Normally, it is dictated by aggregate demand in the economy. Therefore, less demand in the economy causes reduced production (Amadeo, 2016). In turn, this leads loss of jobs for many workers .During the recession, many people lose their jobs due to tough economic times. The most common case of cyclical unemployment was witnessed in 1922-33 during the great depression where Australias unemployment rate escalated to over 30 percent (Kent, 2014). During expansions in the business cycle, cyclical unemployment reduces significantly. Particularly, this is caused by the maximization of economic output in the Australian economy. This form of unemployment is hinged on demand. Less demand of a good or service means most workers will be laid off. Frictional Unemployment Normally, this form of unemployment arises when workers leave their current jobs with the hope of getting better opportunities in the job market. Additionally, this unemployment is fuelled by demographic changes owing to the fact that young and new employees in the labor force have higher turnover rates as they look for more suitable job opportunities. Unlike structural and cyclical forms of unemployment, frictional unemployment is voluntary on the part of the worker. During recessive periods in Australia, frictional unemployment tends to drop since workers are afraid of losing their jobs due to the slim chances of securing another job. It is imperative to note that structural unemployment is the most predominant form of unemployment in Australia today. Predominantly, it occurs where exists a disparity between the skills and expertise possessed by workers in the labor force and the skills that the employers demand. Therefore, the mismatch between the demand and supply in the economy causes the high levels of structural employment in the Australian economy (Pettinger, 2012). Consequently, a majority of the Australian population do not qualify for the available jobs in the country, thereby leading to the escalation of structural unemployment in the country (Kent, 2014). Generally, the extensiveness of this form of unemployment is attributed to various factors. First, the limited geographical mobility of the labor force to areas with great job opportunities has contributed to structural unemployment. In addition, the continuous automation of production processes has caused many industries to replace human labor with machines and robots (Kent, 2014). Consequently, this has led to high losses of jobs, thereby increasing the level of unemployment in the country. Besides, the persistent fall in consumer confidence and government legislations to reduce public sector jobs in Australia have contributed largely to this form of unemployment (Amadeo, 2016). It is worth noting that long term unemployment has become an unending issue in the Australian economy (Fowkes, 2011). In Australia, an individual is regarded as being long term unemployed if they remain jobless for more than 52 weeks. Today, this form of unemployment is exhilarating that the Australian government has created an income support program for the long term unemployed (Fowkes, 2011). Generally, individuals with minimal levels of formal education are more susceptible to long term unemployment than those with formal education. Today, this unemployment occurs among populations with poor physical and mental health (Wade, 2014). Workers who stay unemployed for long periods of time have no place in the current job market thereby causing long-term unemployment. Mainly, this is because their skills are considered to have lost value. What is more, many employers prefer to hire workers with recent work experiences. As at 2014, the number of people suffering from long-term unemployment was 170600, having increased from 12000 in 2013 (Wade, 2014). Limited Job Opportunities for Older Workers According to the ABS (2016), mature aged persons are unlikely to get employed due to their capacity to do less work. In Australia, labor force participation rates for older workers is very low. Discrimination of older workers when it comes to job opportunities is rampant. Poor education, outdated skills, or redundant skills due to the decline of some industries are some of the factors that lock out older workers when it comes to securing and maintaining job opportunities. It is presumed that older workers are less likely to respond and blend well with vocational training or different approaches to training. Such assumptions make old workers less likely to be hired by prospective employers who go for the youthful labor force. In Australia, unemployment can persists even in times of labor and skills shortage. Persons with disabilities are also less likely to be employed in the Australian economy due to their physical and mental incapacities. Similarly for old workers who suffer age-rel ated shortcomings such as health conditions and injuries. Old workers and persons with disabilities are less likely to get employed even in good economic times due to their incapacity to work round the clock due to their physical and mental incapacities (ABS 2011). The government ought to mitigate the effects of long term unemployment. The government should introduce policies that protect older workers and persons with disabilities from any form of economic discrimination by prospective employers. Unemployment of old persons takes a toll of the government due to maintenance costs and lack of taxation .The government usually derives part of its revenue from taxation of income earning persons .in this case, older workers, cannot be taxed since they lack meaningful employment opportunities. Good working conditions for the old workers is another motivation for them to seek employment opportunities unlike the existence of the contrary. Reports indicate that the rate of youth joblessness in Australia increased from 13.57% to 12.55% percent between October and November of 2016 (Youth Unemployment 2016). Currently, youth unemployment is a major challenge for affecting the Australian economy. The government allocated 330 million in its federal budget under the youth employment strategy as a move to reduce high unemployment rates among the youth in Australia. Youth unemployment is mainly is attributed to the fact that the youth lack requisite skills for the jobs available in the economy. In addition, they are disadvantaged in the job market since they lack years of experience, something that most employees are looking for in their employees (Youth Unemployment 2017). Although young people are likely to suffer from high unemployment levels, they are less susceptible to long term unemployment. Youth unemployment can be eradicated through the introduction and implementation of non-discriminative economic laws and creation of job opportunities. Affordable education and training can help prepare the youth for the existing job market thereby rendering their skills currency in value (Youth Unemployment 2016). The implementation of paid internships, earlier career guidance, works experience opportunities are some of the policies to eradicate youth unemployment. An active partnership between education institutions and employers on curriculum and job opportunities will help shape the students for the job market later on in their lives (Hermant, 2014). Lack of job opportunities in the Australian economy is also a cause of the unemployment spells in the economy (ABS 2016). The existence of job opportunities creates the demand for workers. Lack of this opportunities is what leads to unemployment. Thus, there ought to exist job opportunities for workers with respective requisite skills to apply and put their skills to economic use (Smerdon, 2015). Loss of job opportunities can be caused by a decline in industries, change in demand patterns in an economy, poor government policies that discourage the growth of businesses thereby leading to their closure among other reasons. Government Policies on Unemployment Having recognized that unemployment is a significant issue in the Australian economy, the government has instigated a number of measures to curb the rising rates of unemployment among its people. Essentially, the government has implemented demand and supply management policies to increase macroeconomic efficiency and reforms within the economy. Some time back, the Reserve Bank of Australia used expansionary monetary policy to stimulate the economy and in turn increase unemployment. Particularly, it lowered interest rates to stimulate investments in the country. In turn, this led to increased employment opportunities in the country. In addition, it introduced tax cuts and breaks in the country (Jericho, 2016). Aggregate supply policies introduced by the Australian government to curb unemployment include tax reforms. Usually, the government acts by lowering of company taxes thereby creating incentives for more companies to come into existence. Furthermore, the deregulation of the labor market has enhanced competition and led to reduced wage costs for firms. In turn, this has allowed firms to employ more workers to increase their productivity (The contribution 2005). Additionally, the government has invested in education and training to equip workers with the required skills and expertise. In turn, this has improved efficiency levels of the companies and enhance competitiveness in local firms trough increased skills and increased employability. It has also brought about major decreases in the level of structural unemployment in the country (Kent, 2014). Welfare access has also been tightened to reduce welfare traps and increase working incentives for the employed workers. In addition, the Australian government has implemented welfare reforms to increase the workers participation in the labor force and work. Reduced corporate taxes have been used to increase businesses after-tax profits. In turn, this has led to great competitiveness among local firms, something that has promotes the expansion of opportunities for local businesses. It is recommendable that the Australian government has introduced an income support system for the unemployed to reduce their dependency on the employed. By and large, this acts as a public welfare safety net to support individuals (Pettinger, 2014). Predominantly, the scheme is noncontributory and selective. Mainly, it aims at assisting persons with categorized needs on a presumed need basis. Basically, it comprises of child endowment and family allowances. The system works on a determined condition that the beneficiary exhibits incapacity to work. It mainly deals with persons with disabilities. There are also other forms of income guarantee proposals initiated by the Australian government. These proposals comprise of, guaranteed minimum income (GMI), basic income and Negative income tax. Largely, GMI and NIT are selective models whereas basic income model is universal. A basic income system is too expensive to implement in the country as compared to the other two models. For this reason, a non-conditional guaranteed minimal income and negative income tax will ensure that every citizen has an income thereby providing a safety net for workers facing unemployment. Also, the introduction of the national work experience program aims to reduce unemployment rates. Particularly, the program seeks to allow persons looking for jobs to work temporarily without pay to gain work experience and reduce long term unemployment. With such programs, unemployment will fall eventually. Also, it is worth highlighting the fact that labor tribunals have been introduced in Australia to deal with cases of unlawful work dismissal (The Contribution 2005). Such tribunals hear and determine labor-related disputes between employees and their employers. In cases of unjust dismissal, workers are compensated or reinstated. Remarkably, the labor tribunals have lowered unemployment rates in cases of employed workers. Any worker aggrieved by the working conditions provided by the employer has the right to petition the tribunal for safe working conditions. In cases of low or substandard wages, an aggrieved worker as the right to move the tribunal to intervene. To discourage unemployment, the government has put in place education and training institutions (Common Wealth 2015). Unemployment Conditions in 2016 As a country, Australia is divided into several states, among them Queensland, West Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, and New South Wales among others. As a whole, the individual performance of individual states combines to determine the overall performance of the Australian community. Over the past few years, the unemployment rates in Wales. The unemployment has fallen to 5.1% for the months of January to march 2016 (Unemployment 2016). In addition, the number of employed persons in Wales has increased to 76,000 higher than in the year 2015.The number of the unemployed people and those unable to work is 26000 lower than the preceding year. Wales has been the only region in Australia with increased employment rates (Unemployment 2016). Mainly, these rates have increased due to investments having been put in place rebalancing the economy. Welfare reforms have been improved to improving the living standards of the people. By and large, employment levels have improved due to the government initiated job opportunities and private sector investments in the creation of job opportunities leading to many unemployed persons gaining meaningful employment .Employed persons experience better living standards unlike unemployed persons in all regions of Australia. Comment on Unemployment in Various States of Australia. In most Australian states, high unemployment arises due to lack of job opportunities and the inability of some people to take up the job opportunities owing to incapacities such as old age, physical and mental inabilities. Mostly, such factors render individuals unfit to partake in employment opportunities. Last year, the level of unemployment in New South Wales was reported at 5.8% percent (ABS 2016). On the other hand, South Australia had an unemployment figure of 5.5%. In Victoria and Queensland, unemployment levels were reported at 5.4% and 5.9% percent respectively (Scutt, 2015). It is worth noting that the Tasmania state has always had high unemployment rates, as high as 6.5% as at November 2016.Currently, a large proportion of the youth population in Tasmania remains unemployed (Scutt, 2015). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016), South Australia has the second largest youth unemployment rate at 15.4 percent, with the unemployment level in west Adelaide and Barossa region contributing 12.7 and 19.2 percent respectively. In 2008, youth unemployment in Victoria was reported as 9 .4 percent in 2008. Later, it rose to 14.9 percent in 2015 (Scutt, 2015). The Geelong and Hume regions have the biggest unemployment rates above 18 percent (Scutt, 2015). On the other hand, Queensland was the fourth region with high youthful unemployment rates at 13.9 percent in 2015. In New South Wales unemployment rates were 12.8 percent in 2015 which is below the national unemployment average in Australia. Western Australia has high unemployment rates as compared to other regions in the state at 10.7 percent (ABS 2016). Darwin is the only capital that has experienced reduced unemployment rates in Australia. References Amadeo, K. (2016). What Is Structural Unemployment? Causes, Examples. The Balance. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/structural-unemployment-3306202 Carvalho, P. (2015) Youth Unemployment in Australia. The Center of Independent Studies, retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.cis.org.au/publications/research-reports/youth-unemployment-in-australia Commonwealth Securities. (2015) State of the States. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.commsec.com.au/content/dam/EN/ResearchNews/MDState_of_the_States_January_15%20(web).pdf Country Economy. (2016). Australia unemployment rate. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://countryeconomy.com/unemployment/australia Fowkes, L. (2011). Long-term unemployment in Australia. Australian Policy Online. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://apo.org.au/node/26955 Hermant, N. (2014). Youth unemployment: As bad as it is now, Australia has seen worse. ABC News. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-11/australia-continues-to-struggle-with-youth-unemployment/5738060 Jericho, G. (2016). Despite the good news on Australia's unemployment rate, the fight for jobs is as tough as ever. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/grogonomics/2015/jan/19/despite-good-news-on-the-unemployment-rate-the-fight-for-jobs-is-as-tough-as-ever Kent, C. (2014). Cyclical and Structural Changes in the Labour Market. Reserve Bank of Australia. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2014/sp-ag-160614.html Martin, P. (2015). Unemployment rate, jobs both record surprise jumps. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/unemployment-rate-jobs-both-record-surprise-jumps-20150806-gistc0.html Pettinger, P. (2012). Frictional Unemployment. Economics Help. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/frictional-unemployment/ Pettinger, P. (2014) Policies for reducing unemployment. Economics Help. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/3881/economics/policies-for-reducing-unemployment/ Schneiders, B. (2014). Long-term unemployment in Australia doubles since the global financial crisis. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/national/longterm-unemployment-in-australia-doubles-since-the-global-financial-crisis-20141010-113r2d.html Scutt, D. (2015). MAP: Here's the unemployment rate for every state and territory in Australia. Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/map-heres-the-unemployment-rate-for-every-state-and-territory-in-australia-2015-10/ Smerdon, X. (2015). Youth unemployment rising. Probono Australia. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2015/03/youth-unemployment-rising/ The Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Older unemployed struggle to find work. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/4102.0Media%20Release1Sep%202011?opendocumenttabname=Summaryprodno=4102.0issue=Sep%202011num=view= The Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Long-term unemployment. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/featurearticlesbytitle/A0DB00657A876C0ACA2570EE0018F3B9 The Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Media release: Full-time employment remains steady. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats%5Cabs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyCatalogue/46DFE12FCDB783D9CA256B740082AA6C The Australian Government. (2005). the contribution of policy reforms to improved labor market performance. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.budget.gov.au/2004-05/bp1/html/bst4-02.htm The Conversation. (2014). Unemployment is hitting youth hard: this is what we should do. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://theconversation.com/unemployment-is-hitting-youth-hard-this-is-what-we-should-do-27590 Trading Economics. (2017). Australia Youth Unemployment Rat. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/youth-unemployment-rate Wade, M. (2014). Long-term unemployment damages Australia's wellbeing. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/national/longterm-unemployment-damages-australias-wellbeing-20140606-39ojk.html

Women in Corporate America Essay Example For Students

Women in Corporate America Essay The once male dominated, corporate, white collar America has seen a phenomenal influx of women within the last thirty years. Although a female lawyer, physician, or CEO is no longer considered a rarity in our times, women still face quite a deal of oppression in comparison to their male counterparts. In retrospect, some professions have always been controlled by women, and men have not made a noticeable advance in these fields. In 1970, finding a female lawyer to represent you would be a difficult task, since less than five percent of the profession were women. Today, that number has risen to almost thirty percent. The percentage of female doctors has almost tripled in the course of thirty years. African Americans have not made such a conspicuous progression within the last fifty years, while women have made a tremendous impact on the corporate world. One may wonder, how did women make these extraordinary advances? For the most part, it is due to the education they receive. At the pr esent time young girls are encouraged to enroll in classes dealing with math and science, rather than home economics and typing. As pointed out by Nanette Asimov, in her essay Fewer Teen Girls Enrolling in Technology Classes, school officials are advocating the necessity of advanced placement, and honor classes for teenage girls, in both the arts and sciences. This support and reassurance than carries over onto college, and finds a permanent fixture in a womans life. We will write a custom essay on Women in Corporate America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While women are continuing their success in once exclusively male oriented professions, they are still lacking the respect and equality from their peers, coworkers, and society. The average male lawyer, and doctor make twenty-five percent more money than their female equivalent. Women have always lived with the reputation of being intellectually inferior to, and physically submissive to men. This medieval, ignorant notion is far fetched from the truth. In 1999, high school men and women posted similar SAT scores, being separated by a only a few points. In addition to posting similar scores on the SAT, the average males score was a mere two-tenths of a point higher than an average females score on the ACT. Even though a woman maybe as qualified as a male for a certain occupation , women receive unwanted harassment, and are under strict scrutiny. A good illustration of this would be the women represented in Two Women Cadets Leave the Citadel. These young women were just as qualified, a nd possessed, in my opinion, more desire than most men who joined the Citadel. The constant hazing and prejudiced treatment the women received from other male cadets, because of their sex, eventually took its toll, thus causing the women to abandon their ambitions. Not only do women receive biased treatment, they must take supplementary measures to regulate this treatment. In Linda Hasselstroms, A Peaceful woman Explain Why She carries A Gun, she portrays the extreme steps taken to protect herself from the injustices of men, and society. While women are advancing in some aspects of the corporate realm, socially they are lagging. In some professions, the presence of women is resented, challenged, and treated unequally. In other fields, women have always dominated. These occupations are librarians, teachers, editors, reporters, dental assistants, and nurses. For the last thirty years, women have held seventy-five percent of teaching jobs, eighty-five percent of librarian positions, an d an astonishing ninety-five percent of nursing and medical assistant openings. While women are making progress in traditionally male-dominated fields, they continue to hold down the majority of so-called pink collar jobs.Within the last thirty years, women have made major advances in the corporate world. Finding a female lawyer, or doctor is not an uncommon commodity nowadays. This progression was done, and continues to precede without giving ground in traditional feminine professions, such as the teaching and nursing. In a matter of time, the playing field will be leveled for both sexes.Bibliography:

Radial or Femoral essay

Radial or Femoral essay Introduction Transradial and transfemoral approaches are two different types of techniques that are used to perform diagnostic percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA). Transradial approach is currently being used as the most effective alternative approach for cardiac catheterization to transfemoral approach. This is because of the several benefits it has for the patients over transfemoral approach. This paper provides the advantages and the benefits of transradial approach over transfemoral approach in creating care value for PCI and CA patients. Chuntao W Ed. (2011). The Transradial Approach is Associated with Lower Risk of Adverse Outcome Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A Single-Center Experience , 1-9. In this article, the authors are aimed at testing the hypothesis that the transradial approach is more linked to the lower risks of bad results in accordance to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) more than transfemoral approach (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). It also analyses whether the approval of transradial approach can lead to improved quality management of PCI in a single center practice (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). ). The researchers identified and reviewed 625 transfemoral and 462 transradial cases that were treated at their center from January 2007 to March 2009. During the treatment of risks associated with hospital mortality, vascular complications and bleeding, the researchers tried to examine the major differences that exist between transfemoral and transradial approaches (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). ). From the research analysis, the researchers established that exposure to bleeding was very much lower in the transradial patients than transfemoral group with the following percentag es, 2.60 percent and 6.08 percent respectively (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). Transradial patients also have lower risks of vascular complications (0 percent) than transfemoral patients (1.44 percent). The mortality rate observed in the hospital indicated that, it was lower for transradial approach (0.87 percent) than transfemoral approach (2.24 percent). Some-day discharges were less common in transfemoral patients than transradial patients (2.2% versus 14.2%) Chuntao W Ed, 2011). From the research results, the researchers established that risk of vascular complications and bleeding were lower for transradial approach and therefore its adoption may lead to improved quality care for PCI. In support of their findings, other scientific studies have also established that patients who receive PCI via radial arteries were less at risk of developing vascular complications and bleeding when compared to patients who receive it through femoral arteries (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). In addition, transrad ial approach was also established to be associated with lower risk of mortality than transfemoral approach. Researchers therefore agree that, radial approach should be adopted for improving quality of care to PCI patients in a specified center of practice Chuntao W Ed, 2011). Sandy M. (2010). Procedure Provides Comfort and Convenience, Reduces Complications of Cardiac Intervention. Radial Artery Catheterization makes a Comeback , 1. This article is about a coronary disease patient, Floyd, who suspected himself of being attacked by heart attack after performing a strenuous activity. He immediately called his doctor on Friday afternoon who instructed him to head straight to the emergency room (Sandy, 2010). Following his two past cardiac catheterization procedures, he was very afraid to undergo it again due to pain he experienced. But after being examined, the doctor established that he suffered no heart attack, but catheterization was still required to diagnose the cause of the chest pain and to treat it if possible. Something that interested Floyd most is that a new technique that would minimize discomfort was going to be used during catheterization process (Sandy, 2010). The method that was used in catheterization process is radial approach. This approach is becoming a very popular treatment technique that is used to treat blocked arteries. This is because of the improved tools, medicine and devices used. Acco rding to the article, patients requiring catheterization need to be diagnosed through radial approach (Sandy, 2010). This is because, through radial artery, the doctors can handle bleeding more appropriately and patients can thereafter, walk and eat. But with the femoral artery, patients leave the theater rooms with a sheath in the femoral artery (Sandy, 2010). After this process patients can not resume their duties because they have to stay in the hospital beds for up to ten hours while bleeding is being controlled depending on the degree of anticoagulants received. With the radial approach, the doctor assured Floyd he was to get back home on the following day and resume work only after three days of rest. Radial approach is more effective and comfortable for treating blocked arteries as compared to femoral approach since it is less complicated, comfortable and bleeding can easily be controlled after the process (Sandy, 2010). With the advent of radial approach, Floyd doctor believ es that patients with cardiac intervention will leave the hospital beds the same day after being treated. Schussler J. M. (2011). Effectiveness and Safety of Transradial Artery Access for Cardiac Catheterization. 1. This article suggests that transradial approach is slowly become more popular in coronary angioplasty and angiography than transfemoral approach (Schussler, 2011). This approach has several benefits to the patients such as reduced discomfort, reduced bleeding and low costs. Diagnosis of coronary angioplasty and angiography are usually characterized by several risks including excessive bleeding, stroke and death. Despite of the increased use of ad hoc angioplasty and blood thinners, exposure to these risks has remained stable. This is because the procedures involved in transfemoral technique are complex since they involve femoral access (Schussler, 2011). In order to take care of this situation, transradial technique was described in late 1980s and it is currently being considered as the best alternative to replace traditional femoral technique. In transradial approach, the risks of damaging the limbs are minimal since there is enough supply of blood from ulnar artery to palmar arch (Schussler, 2011). In transfemoral technique, coronary angioplasty and angiography are performed after drugs that reduce arterial thrombosis and spasm are administered. One of the advantages of transradial technique is that in this process, certain types of specially shaped catheters are used, and they enable the doctors to access both right and left coronary angiograms including venticulogram without switching different catheters (Schussler, 2011). One of the major benefits of transradial approach over transfemoral approach is the reduction in the number of complications that results after the diagnosis. Another benefit of transradial technique is the patient satisfaction. The patients are able to get back home on the same day of treatment and resume working three days after unlike transfemoral technique that required the patients to stay in the hospital beds for more than ten days depending in the complications they receive after the process (Schussler, 2011). Conclusion Both transradial and transfemoral approaches are for diagnostic percutaneous coronary intervention and for coronary angiography. Transfemoral approach, however, is results into several problems after it is performed. The acknowledgement of transradial approach provided an effective basis over which these problems can be solved. Radial approach has thus been established as the best alternative approach diagnostic PCI and CA. It has several benefits to the patients which include low cost of treatment, reduced bleeding , less time spent ihn the hospital beds and they are able to resume their jobs only three days after treatment, and this is supported by all the three articles summarized above.

Slideshow English

Slideshow English Slideshow English Slideshow English By Maeve Maddox Although I know they are a time-suck, slideshows with intriguing titles or photos often lure me in. The most recent to attract my attention was about â€Å"freaky coincidences.† Because the format was the kind that requires two clicks for each slide–one for the photo and one for the caption–I was ready to stop after the second slide, but the first sentence of the second caption prompted me to continue: A man saved the same baby’s life twice on accident. Always on the lookout for material, I felt I had found a possible source of nonstandard English, so I kept going. I was not disappointed. If the slideshow was created by a non-native English speaker for personal amusement, the numerous errors are understandable. If the captions are the work of a professional writer whose native language is English, they reflect a serious lack of revision. The show’s 14 slides yield 16 examples of nonstandard usage and punctuation. I won’t comment on punctuation. 1. A man saved the same baby’s life twice on accident. Although often heard, â€Å"on accident† is unidiomatic. The standard expression is â€Å"by accident†: â€Å"A man saved the same baby’s life twice by accident.† 2. In 1930, a baby fell out of a window and Joseph Figlock broke the land. The writer is thinking of the baby’s landing. â€Å"Broke the landing† would do the job, but â€Å"broke the baby’s fall† would be better. 3. In 1858, a man was shot dead while playing poker as an act of vengeance. Correcting this sentence requires rearranging phrases and changing as to in. The man was not â€Å"playing poker as an act of vengeance.† He was â€Å"shot as an act of vengeance.† Why the man was shot is not as important as the fact that he was shot: â€Å"In 1858, a man playing poker was shot dead in an act of vengeance.† Changing as to in subordinates the reason for the shooting to the act of shooting. Context for the next item: The man who was shot left $600 on the table. Another man appropriated the $600 and continued playing, increasing the amount to $2,200. 4. When the cops heard word of this [the fact that the dead man’s winnings had been used by a subsequent gambler] they demanded the $600 was given to the next of kin to the deceased. This sentence requires editing in segments. i. When the cops heard word of this The idiom is â€Å"to have word of something.† For example, â€Å"I just had word that our team lost by one point.† Two ways to edit the original sentence: â€Å"When the cops heard of this, they demanded† â€Å"When the cops learned of this, they demanded† ii. they demanded the $600 A that is needed to introduce the noun clause that follows demanded: â€Å"they demanded that the $600.† Without the that, the reader is led to believe that the police were demanding the $600 for themselves. iii. demanded [that] the $600 was given to the next of kin The noun clause requires a verb in the passive subjunctive: â€Å"The police demanded that the $600 be given to the next of kin.† iv. given to the next of kin to the deceased The expression â€Å"next of kin† means, â€Å"nearest relation,† usually of a deceased person. For that reason, the prepositional phrase modifying kin is overkill. If another phrase were needed to explain the relationship with kin, the preposition would be of, not to: â€Å"the next of kin of the deceased.† 5. In 2002, two identical twin brothers were killed on the same road, from two different accidents i. two identical twin brothers The word twin conveys the meaning of two. ii. killedfrom two different accidents People are killed in accidents. They die of injuries. They suffer from diseases. And, again, the two is unnecessary. We already know that there were two people involved in separate accidents. 6. Later, Ziegland went to go chop down the tree that the bullet was inside. It’s enough to say, â€Å"went to chop down the tree.† The idea of â€Å"going† is contained in the verb went. 7. Coincidentally, their father was in the same hospital from recovering from a surgery. This sentence is meant to convey the idea that the father just happened to be in the same hospital his two sons were brought to following their accidents. The phrase â€Å"from recovering† seems to mean, â€Å"because he was recovering.† The indefinite article is not needed before the word surgery, at least not in American English. Edited: â€Å"Coincidentally, their father was in the same hospital, recovering from surgery.† An American speaker would use an article with the word operation: â€Å"recovering from an operation.† 8. Robert E Lee himself showed up at the cottage to request its use as a formal place of surrender. The contraction it’s stands for two words: it is. The context calls for the possessive adjective its. Edited: â€Å"Robert E Lee himself showed up at the cottage to request its use as a formal place of surrender.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†10 Terms for the Common People

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics - Essay Example Ethics refers to the moral principles and set of laws of conduct that are universally acceptable to the majority of people (Arnhart, 1998). Apparently, human beings get accredited for having an innate ethical sense, which urges them into making predictable choices (MacKinnon, 2010). Whereas the majority of people consider their actions as getting guidance from logic and the reason, it appears that, in most cases, reason acts only as a device for justifying these options. Language gives people the opportunity for constructing sophisticated rationales that tend to support decisions that happen to be genetically driven (MacKinnon, 2010). Therefore, ethics education entails the recognition of the real power of a person’s innate ethical sense, along with the manner in which it affects his or her behavior. In this manner, a person is capable of freely reasoning and becoming an element that truly guide his or her actions hence devoid of the wisdom resulting from comprehending a perso n’s innate ethical self, reason continues to be a powerful propaganda piling for unchallenged essential human, ethical obligations (MacKinnon, 2010). The ethical actions tend to be valuable despite the consequences of those actions. Apparently, there is a possibility that the practice of ethics came to pass by natural consequences, as well as the actions, eventually this resulted in people making a decision of fitting the actions to the box by establishing a word for defining it that is ethics (Arnhart, 1998). When a person works industriously and is effectual, as well as professional in his or her duties, this means that he or she is engaging in vigorous work ethics. In most cases, this leads to the person getting a promotion and earning respect from fellow workmates who are incapable of attaining these standards (Arnhart, 1998). In this case, the reaction, together with the outcomes of decent work ethics or even upstanding, moral principles, along with the personal rules of conduct have resulted in this person excelling above the others. Consequently, when other people see the results of this person’s actions, they desire to emulate him, thereby beginning to behave in similar positive work ethic behaviors (Arnhart, 1998). On the other hand, other people with substandard ethical behaviors attempt to get similar results through cheating, lying, as well as falsifying information; this results in them being not as successful as the ethical person since their actions eventually return to bite them at a later stage. Consequently, people observe the outcomes leading to the majority of people choosing to be ethical since the ethical behaviors tend to be extremely successful, while, at the same time produces enhanced results at the end(Arnhart, 1998). This happens to be an ideal example of ethics as a learned behavior. Human beings have the freedom of determining what they perceive as being ethical behaviour considering that these decisions tend to have an effect on the human responsibility (MacKinnon, 2010). Apparently, the issue of ethics goes way back in time with highly ethical behaviors succeeding the unethical behaviors. As a matter of fact, in most cases, the truth always prevailed then as it does now, considering that ethical behavior gets rooted on the truth while unethical behaviors are not (Nelson, 2011). The majority of theorists contend on the notion of moral and evil; a person believing in the existence of inherent moral or

Homelessness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Homelessness - Research Paper Example ted, the reader can aptly see the true impact that poverty can have on every aspect of society as well as nearly every aspect of the individual that must live within its constraining reality. As a function of realizing this, the following few paragraphs will attempt to highlight and underscore the degree to which homelessness creates something an alternate reality for the individuals within a society that are forced to integrate with such a construct. Moreover, with a discussion of this issue, I will also present some prescriptions for change that this author believes could greatly reduce the overall rates of poverty and homelessness. Firstly, it should be understood that homelessness strikes at the very ability of the individual to live as the rest of society. In such a way, a key level of humanity is robbed from them; keeping them from having the life that others enjoy so seemingly painlessly. In such a way, the level to which the individual can seek to raise themselves from their unfortunate situation. Due to the fact that access to capital and savings is necessarily nonexistent for the individual experiencing homelessness, education is also out of reach. Without a chance at a higher education, the level and extent to which they can hope to attain a higher standard of living is all but lost (Albelda 190). In such a way, seeking to change the stigma of poverty and homelessness and allowing individuals a clear path for recovery would be the first step. Such a path could be a contribution of several state funded programs as well as nationally funded mandates. This hopelessness that is born out of not having any opportunity oftentimes drives individuals living within homelessness towards crime; seeing this as an easy means to escape the monetary constraints of the life that they find themselves trapped within. Whereas poverty affects all individuals, not just the ones suffering from material want, homelessness creates a new approach to crime; as many

Beckett vs Satre Essay Example for Free

Beckett vs Satre Essay Samuel Beckett’s vision of two lowly tramps in the middle of a derelict environment can be placed in direct contrast to the claustrophobic and eternal nightmare presented by Jean-Paul Sartre , but each playwright possessed objectives for their respective audiences and each shared a valued opinion on the theories of existentialism which can be established in the plays Waiting for Godot and No Exit. Beckett introduces the audience into a world of questioning and surrealist virtues and encourages the spectator to actually discuss the play and find the answer within. Sartre, however, presents his play as a placard for the virtues of existentialism and attempts to prove that â€Å"hell is other people†. When being asked about the sources for his ideas or advocating him as a pioneer for the Theatre of the Absurd, Beckett’s replies were often curt or dismissive. The Theatre of the Absurd was a term conceived by the critic Martin Esslin to describe the various playwrights who gave their artistic interpretations believing that human existence is futile and without meaning. According to Beckett himself the Theatre of the Absurd was too ‘judgemental’, too self-assuredly pessimistic: I have never accepted the notion of a theatre of the absurd, a concept that implies a judgement of value. It’s not even possible to talk about truth. That’s the part of the anguish. Sartre, however made his existentialist philosophies quite apparent. With his own theories he collaborated with the Dadaists and Surrealists after the Second World War and achieved to create his own ‘humanist’ way of thinking but with a prominent atheistic outlook. Sartre quoted rather proudly â€Å"L’homme est condamne a etre libre†¦l’homme est liberte. † Loosely translated he proclaims that â€Å"Man is condemned to be free†¦man is freedom. † Sartre firmly believed that man is nothing except his life and that consequently he is fully responsible for his actions. In Sartre’s existentialist world, man is committed to choose his own destiny without the help of any religion whether he wants to or not and he made this philosophy apparent in all of his works, unlike Beckett who used a more cryptic or absurd stance in his plays. With or without the use of absurdist ideals and other forms of the genre Beckett certainly portrayed the human values in his characters and considered the ideas of social conditioning and the existentialist notion of absolute freedom. Of all the ideologies written or philosophised over , existentialism seems to lend a lot of its virtues to Waiting for Godot. Ronan McDonald argues that absurdity and existence are fundamental to Beckett‘s work: There may be more affinity with another association of existentialism and Beckett’s beliefs, namely the idea of ‘absurdity’, though here (too) caution is advised. Without any grounding, without any reason for our being in the world, a certain strand of existentialist thought concludes that life is absurd, disordered and meaningless. The ‘absurd, disordered and meaningless’ which McDonald mentions is evident in the dialogue used in Waiting for Godot. Conversations between the two main characters of Estragon and Vladimir are often erratic and pointless and never seem to resolve at a natural climax. They bounce off each other instigating a retort which is unexpected and prompts an audience to laugh at the scenario with confusing intrigue. The dialogue in No Exit, on the other hand is logical and justified as it relates to the actual settings and situations of the characters. Beckett’s erratic streams of consciousness that materializes from his characters sometimes make no sense and compared to the confronting and direct speech in Sartre’s work, can sometimes be slightly confusing. Sartre’s characters all have a back story which can be deduced and discovered by the dialogue as opposed to the lack of any character history in Waiting for Godot. The audience can conclude that Estragon, Vladimir and Pozzo, although having different character traits, are all just waiting for Godot but do not know for how long or for what reason. Garcin, Estelle, and Inez in No Exit all have different traits, as does Beckett’s characters, but their characters are shaped from past despairs, sexuality or previous happenings in their lives which have evidently placed them in the hellish scenario in which they find themselves. Because of the situation in Sartre’s play, the audience can relate themselves to the characters on an empathetic level and create stronger opinions and less questionable virtues than that of Beckett’s enigmatic trio. The despair and degradation towards many civilians during the Second World War became an established influence in both Sartre and Beckett’s works during their most prolific period of writing after the conflict. The persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi’s occupying Paris and Beckett’s personal actions within the French Resistance seemed to have spawned a firm principle and an underlying subtext within his plays. McDonald makes this apparent when he says: In his post-war career, though his work became ever less connected to a recognisable world, one could say, paradoxically, that it became more political, more shaped by exploitive power relations, edicts handed down from above, secrecy and inscrutability and descriptions of human torment. Many of these influences are indisputable in the relationship between Pozzo and Lucky throughout the first act in Waiting for Godot. During Act I of the play the abhorrent abuse Pozzo extends towards Lucky and the dismissive way in which he converses with the two slightly passive tramps creates a clear power divide between the characters. Beckett reverses the divide when in Act II Pozzo finds himself in distress and the power is redirected to the two tramps. As Pozzo is struggling helplessly on the floor like an up-ended beetle the two tramps, reminded of the chicken bone they received from him the day before, explain: VLADIMIR: He wants to get up. ESTRAGON:Then let him get up. VLADIMIR:He can’t. ESTRAGON:Why not? VLADIMIR:I don’t know. [POZZO writhes, groans, beats the ground with his fists. ] ESTRAGON:We should ask him for the bone first. Then if he refuses we’ll leave him there. VLADIMIR:You mean we have him at our mercy? By using Pozzo as the one in need and the two tramps as the one’s who can help, Beckett creates a pessimistic vision of human needs in a deliciously black pratfall. McDonald agrees when he says: Beckett’s work is notorious for it’s intense preoccupation with pessimism and human suffering, notwithstanding its bleak beauty and darkly acid comedy. Power and conflict can be found aplenty in Sartre’s hellish hotel room as all three characters seem to find themselves guilty of contraventions which have rendered them no better or worse for conscience in the eyes of the audience. Whereas Estragon and Vladimir use repetition and slapstick to form the basis of comic moments, Sartre’s characters use no such implements and keep the play solemn throughout. Garcin is the forlorn sadist, Estelle shrugs off her murderous past by being the conceited love-starved damsel and Inez stalks the room as the inert lesbian. Each character submits their own tales of woe and it is evident that none of them has the patience or understanding to cope with the others because as soon as a bond occurs between two characters, the third intervenes. Having one man and two women in the room (one of them being a lesbian with a keen eye on the other) sexual frustrations boil over to create various power struggles and along with the inept attempts to befriend or belittle and vexed attitudes on their morbid incarceration, the atmosphere becomes a tense hot-bed of conflict with each character in turn venting their grievance towards another. In Frederick Lumley’s New Trends In 20th Century Drama, he states; No love is possible in the presence of the third, no end is possible since the three must be together for eternity , â€Å"neither the knife, poison, rope† can enable them to escape this fact. With this fact constantly put forward by Sartre; the trio’s future looks bleakly endless and this inevitable outcome contributes to the rise in tension and conflict. Lumley continues; The play presents an endless repetition, a study in monotony which, far from being monotonous, is in fact intensely dramatic and most seducing. Beckett’s characters in Waiting for Godot all have their own motives and opinions but all seem to be quashed by the ever present threat of Godot appearing. The characters’ vivid streams of consciousness and erratic conversations take the audience along a confusing and often pointless narrative but Beckett seems to relish this as it makes the spectator question the morals and whole raison d’etre for the piece. Is Godot some sort of religious deity? Are the characters dead and living a life in endless purgatory? Is the story a tale of class and the power struggle that ensues from it? Beckett’s aims can be discussed and divulged for years to come and I believe that there is no one conclusive answer, but Eric P. Levy sums up his plays excellently when he says: â€Å"Beckett explores human experience as he finds it today: denied any explanations but desperately needing them. † I believe this to be the perfect description of what Beckett‘s aims were for the audience; being denied any explanation from Beckett himself and desperately wanting to know who or what Godot is. In stark contrast to Beckett’s surreal settings and arbitrary dialogue, Jean-Paul Sartre holds no blows when delivering his existentialist piece No Exit. The set itself is more representative of the hellish circumstances in which he has placed his characters as opposed to the stark emptiness of Beckett’s setting. The setting is just one room with no windows so characters and spectators alike have no sense of what time of day it is and a claustrophobic awareness is supported further by keeping the whole play within one act. In Waiting for Godot we observe all of the action in a sparse wilderness with just one solitary foliage-free tree as a visual representation of the outside world. The only hint of time passing is when the characters mention the previous days events or when the tree shows a mere sprouting of greenery in the second act of the piece. Along with the scenery the title of the play, No Exit, precedes dialogue and induces drama by giving a sense of inescapability and hopeless struggle to the play. Frederick Lumley describes the set beautifully in saying; †¦with it’s barren walls, it’s bricked up windows excluding daylight so that night and day are alike, the space where a mirror once hung (for in eternity one must look at others, not oneself anymore), is all part of a masochistic nightmare where continuity becomes an endless symphony of torture worse than any physical torture. With these points in mind it is evident that Sartre relied more on the situation in which his characters were based rather than the frivolities of Beckett’s characters and his absurdist approach. Although Beckett and Sartre shared the same philosophical outlooks on existentialism and the nature of human behaviour, Sartre used the theatre as his soap-box to create and present his philosophical views and tended to show the drama in the situation rather than the character based approach which Beckett utilized in most of his plays. Sartre himself states; As a successor to the theatre of characters we want to have a theatre of situation. The people in our plays will be distinct from one another not as a coward is from a miser or a miser from a brave man, but rather as actions are divergent or clashing, as right may conflict with right. Sartre uses the situation in No Exit to create the dramatic conflict and tense atmosphere whereas Beckett uses the theatre of absurdity with sparse and stunning dialogue to create some form of dramatic tension in Waiting for Godot. Conclusively this makes Beckett’s play very much more ambiguous compared to the out and out existentialist views portrayed in No Exit. The characters in Sartre’s piece all seem familiar to an audience who after witnessing the play have no quandary in deciding where the play leads or where it leads from and the content from it’s start to it‘s twisted and violent conclusion definitely advocates Sartre‘s theory; â€Å"Hell is other people. † Waiting for Godot, however, leaves the audience perplexed at the outcome and offers various questions as to the origin of it’s characters along with their motivations and mundane existence. With the erratic lines of action and the surreal and often pointless conversation, the audience can derive that the whole point of Waiting for Godot is; there is no point. But is this correct? Only Samuel Beckett could have revealed that answer. Bibliography Beckett. S. Waiting For Godot. Chatham: Faber Faber. 2006 ed. Sartre. J. P No Exit and three other plays. Vintage International. 1996 ed. McDonald. R. The Cambridge Introduction to Samuel Beckett. Cambridge: CUP. 2006. Levy. E. P. Beckett And The Voice Of The Species. Dublin: Macmillan. 1980 Knowlson. J McMillan (eds. ) The Theatrical Notebooks of Samuel Beckett, vol I: Waiting for Godot. London: Faber Faber, 1994. Unwin. S Woddis. C. A Pocket Guide To 20th Century Drama. London: Faber Faber. 2001. Lumley. F. New Trends In 20th Century Drama. London: Barrie Jenkins Ltd. 1972 ed. References Styan. J. L Modern Drama in Theory and Practice2 (Symbolism, Surrealism and the Absurd) Cambridge: CUP 1998 Lenny Love 2007 [ 2 ]. Knowlson, Damned to Fame, p. 178. [ 3 ]. New Trends In 20th Century Drama, Ch10 p139 [ 4 ]. Cambridge Intro to S. Beckett [ 5 ]. Cambridge Intro to S. Beckett Ch2, p22 [ 6 ]. Cambridge Intro to S. Beckett ch2, p23 [ 7 ]. Levy. E. P. Beckett the Voice of Species. p. 3. [ 8 ]. New Trends In 20th Century Drama. Ch10, p150 [ 9 ]. New Trends in 20th Century Drama. Ch10, p141.

Bladder Epithelium Essay -- Health, Diseases, Biopsy of the Bladder

Researchers believe that normal repair of the epithelial lining of the bladder does not occur in patients who develop IC (ARHP, 2008). One theory proposes that the bladder epithelium or lining of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) is damaged due to bladder injury and exposes the sensory nerves to irritants and triggers a noxious sensation. The damaged epithelium allows absorption of potassium and urea into the bladder wall (Klutke & Klutke, 2008). The damaged epithelium may lead to mast cell activation and the release of histamine. It is proposed that vasoactive, nociceptive, and proinflammatory molecules released from mast cells create neuronal sensitization and emit neurotransmitters that continue to stimulate the mast cells in the bladder and play an important role in the chronic and painful symptoms of IC (Sant, Kempuraj, Marchand, & Theoharides, 2006). There may be a possibility that heredity may play a part in some forms of IC. In a few cases, IC has affected a mother and a daugh ter or two sisters, but it is not usually familial (Clemens, Joyce, Wise, & Payne, 2007). Data has also shown that patients with IC have a higher incidence of certain immunological or allergic conditions. These conditions include allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, sensitive skin, vulvodynia, fibromyalgia, and migraine headaches (ARHP, 2008). Interstitial cystitis is divided into two categories: ulcerative or classic and nonulcerative or Messing-Stamey types. The classic or ulcerative type clinically presents with a diffusely reddened appearance to the bladder surface epithelium associated with one or more ulcerative patches surrounded by mucosal congestion. The ulcers are called Hunner ulcers. Hunner ulcer upon cystoscopic examination is the ... ...nage this condition the patient must maintain a relationship with her primary care provider, be diligent with tracking her symptoms and managing her diet and medications (ARHP, 2008). Differential Diagnosis The ARHP suggest that the differential diagnosis of IC include other causes of pelvic pain and urinary complaints. These include urinary tract infections, overactive bladder, gynecological chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, and bladder carcinoma. The effects of certain drugs may also cause these symptoms. These drugs include cyclophosphamide, aspirin, NSAIDs, and allopurinol (ARHP, 2008). These need to be excluded as part of the diagnostic process. Review of Literature Several research articles have been reviewed in order to identify the most recent evidence based practice techniques for diagnosing and managing patients with interstitial cystitis.

The Rising of the Characters in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises

Ernest Hemingway’s novel entitled â€Å"The Sun also Rises† is a story of different men from different backgrounds. The main character or protagonist in the story is Jake Barnes. Along with him in his journey were Robert Cohn whom to be his closest friend, Lady Brett Ashley whom to be the love of his life, Mike Campbell whom to be Brett’s fiancà ©, and Bill Gorton whom to be the other friend of the group. The story started in a biographical description of Jake on his friend Robert Cohn. He called him Cohn while he narrates his story, their story.Jake is a World War I veteran whom soon becomes a journalist while Cohn is a rich Jewish writer. Cohn asked Jake to go with him to the South America but Jake refuses to go with him. When they went to a disco club, they saw Brett. Jake reminisce the memory when he and Brett met during the World War I. It was actually a great time for them to have their relationship but Brett refuses to make up with him because she learned that because of Jake’s wound, he is already impotents and she could did not want to sacrifice her sexual urge just for Jake.Soon, Brett and Mike met that made Brett fall in love with him. Brett became Mike’s fiancà © and would like to go to Spain to spend their moment together and watch the fiesta. They met Jake, Cohn, and Bill during their trip. During the journey, they could not able to find each other so they went to Spain in pairs – Jake and Bill as a pair, while Mike, Brett, and Cohn as the other pair. They had a great time during the first night but it’s been Brett who has the greatest night because she had the opportunity to know Pedro Romero, a handsome but young bullfighter.Brett decided to go with Romero but soon went back to Mike and said that she does not want to ruin Romero’s life and career. The story ends when Brett asked Jake to accompany her to Mike. Brett realizes that Jake is a good companion during their journey together. Jake and Cohn have many similarities and differences throughout the whole novel. Even if they have different backgrounds, they are similar in the way on how they treat a woman and how they think about the larger perspective of human life.Because in the beginning of the novel, Jake illustrated the biography of Cohn, he had stated all his strengths and weaknesses that made the readers understood the personality of Cohn in the beginning of the novel while Jake’s character emerged and evolved into a larger scale as the novel went through. Jake described Cohn depending on how he perceived Cohn’s identity whether on his career, personal life, or love life. â€Å"He was more enthusiastic about America than ever, and he was not so simple, and he was not so nice,† (Hemingway 16).Even if Cohn was not a war veteran, both of them have simple dreams and per4spectives in life. It was seen on their journey in Spain and the way they treated women especially Brett. Even if Cohn did not acknowledge his feelings right through Jake’s naked emotions, he knew that he likes Brett, next to Francesca. Because they both like Brett, they wanted Brett to be happy even if the cause is strange to both of them. However, Jake is more prank than Cohn. Cohn does not show his feelings so much while Jake is open to his feelings or emotions in different people.The difference between Cohn and Jake aside from the fact that Jake went to the war while Cohn did not is that Jake is more open to reality while Cohn was not that broad when it comes to the real situations. Another thing is that Jake is a journalist while Cohn is a writer. It means that Jake is more on the actual or real revelation of the reality while Cohn is more on the fictional sense of the world. â€Å"The publisher has praised his novel pretty highly and it rather went to his head.Then several women had put themselves out to be nice to him, and his horizons had all shifted,† (16). Cohn lived in a fiction al life with all the praises and acknowledgement of the people behind him while Jake lived in a realm where there is battle, fear, hatred, and sufferings that he needs to overcome while he is living. Their differences evolved into a wider scenario as the novel went on. However, in the beginning of the novel showed their big differences as Jake did not want to go where Cohn wants and vice versa.Cohn wants more on the historical side while Jake wants on the cultural side of the country they want to go. â€Å"So there you were. I was sorry for him, but it was not a thing you could do anything about because right away you ran up against the two stubbornness: South America could fix it and he did not like Paris,† (20). However, the thing is that Jake is more convicted with what he says rather than Cohn. When Jake wants something, he pursued it even if there are things that might be interrupted. Nevertheless, he worked on it to avoid circumstances that Cohn could not obtain.This is what Jake learned in the war that Cohn did not learned while having his rich life and popularity as a writer. As a whole, both Jake and Cohn showed their contrasting and similar personalities throughout the whole novel. All the other characters helped them obtain their characterization and realization in the beginning and end of the story that mould them to become significant protagonists in the novel. The author showed balance information on how to perceive the characters in different angles and concepts that would not overlap Jake and Cohn’s establishment of characterization.

Camels – Adaptations to Extreme Environments

The Camel: How it has Adapted Organisms exist in many environments, some are arid, some flooded, some are basic, some acidic, some are hot, and some are cool. Regardless of the conditions, animals have adapted themselves to survive in their surroundings. One of the main ecosystems that is classed as an extreme environment is the desert ecosystem. A classic example of a desert is the Sahara. Aridity is a characteristic shared amongst all deserts. As reported by Smith (2013), the reason most deserts are arid is because of uneven levels of evapotranspiration and precipitation.Aswel as adapting to very dry conditions, organisms in a desert ecosystem have also adapted to hot temperatures. The temperatures range from as high as 40oC during the day to as low as below freezing during the night due to lack of cloud cover. Evolution: As wrote by Long & Savage (1986) in the late Eocene period and to the end of Miocene, camels evolved and diversified solely in North America. During this time the y were similar in size to rabbits, and their feet contained four toes. In Oligocene times, camels were similar in size to goats, with the lost of the lateral toes, with the remaining digits showing signs of evolution.During the Miocene time, camels adapted a new of walking, it is know as pacing gait. This is where the camel moved both left or both right legs in one movement, instead of opposite legs. During this time camels feet produced pad like structures, which helped them from sinking in soft terrain i. e sand. Then they arrived in South America during the Plio-Pleistocene times. This is where they diversified into 2 more genus under Camelinae family of the more known species, llama and alpaca, and 2 less known, guanaco and vicuna.As this happened, they crossed into the ‘Old World', where they then spread across Europe, Asia and Africa, this is where they branched out into the ‘single humped' Camelus Dromedarius, and ‘double humped' Camelus Bactrianus. Characte ristics of Camelus Dromedarius: An animal that has adapted well to this environment is the Camelus Dromedarius. Wilson (1984) as cited by Kohler-Rollefson (1991) describes the features of the camels body. Dromedary camels have a shoulder height of at least 1. 8m, with the hump extending a further 20cm. They can weights upwards of 400kg.Dromedary camels have a long upward curved neck, with a single hump on it's back. This is all supported by their long, strong legs and wide webbed feet. Body Temperature / Water Conservation: In the desert temperatures fluctuate. On average, a dehydrated camels body temperature fluctuates by up to 8oC in a single day, it can increase from an average of 34-36 to 42oC. There is less of a fluctuation if the camel is hydrated (2oC). If camels did not tolerate this fluctuation in temperature and instead tried to keep the body cool, up to 5 litres of water could be lost due to sweating.This allows the camel to conserve water and energy. The camel then takes advantage of the cool evenings to dissipate heat, with no energy cost. Camels, like all other mammals do sweat to maintain an acceptable temperature, however, it is not continuous. (Mares, 1999). Composition of Camel's Hump: Mares (1999), reports that a common misconception associated with camels is that their hump is composed of water, this has been disproven, and instead replaced with the fact this it is fat. Another common misconception associated with a camels hump is that water is produced by the oxidation of fat.This is has been proven to be false, or at least, partially untrue as the oxidation of fat requires an increased oxygen intake, this results in an increased rate of breathing, which increases the amount of water lost as vapour from the lungs. This nullifies the effect of the metabolized fat, yielding no net gain in water. As previously discussed, camels have adapted to keep their bodies cool, without sacrificing water. Another adaptation that is seen with camels is th at their main fat store is their hump. A camel does not store fat on other parts of their body.This is because the fat would act as insulation and reduce the amount of heat lost at night, at a time when the temperature is cooler, and most heat dissipation occurs. Excretion in Camels: Richards (1973) as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) explores the fact that camels are able to produce urine that contains twice as much salt as sea water. It was noted by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) that the Kidney is composed of Henle loops of varying lengths. Camels are seen to contain a lot of longer loops than any other species, so there is a bigger potential for water to be reabsorbed, and the urine becoming concentrated.This coincides with the camels ability to facilitate water and plants with a salt content higher than normal. Schmidt-Nielsen (1964) as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) compared the volume of urine excreted by the camel while hydrated and while dehydrated. The camel while hydrated, excreted up to 4 litres of urine in a single day, compared to the when it was dehydrated, where it excreted up to half a litre of urine. It was also noted that the camel produced faeces, almost completely absent of water.It was composed of a large number of pellets approximately 3cm in length. As they lacked water, they were light to lift, with a shiny appearance. Conclusion: Camels like animals in other extreme environments have adapted well to suit their environment of temperature fluctuations and a lack of water. Camels have evolved in such a way that moving has been made easier, they do not sink into the sand, so they do not expend more energy than is needed. The camels adaptation to a large fluctuation in body temperature allows water to be conserved as it is not lost as sweat.The camels hump proves as an invaluable energy source when food sources are scarce, as is common in desert ecosystems, the fat is metabolized and used as energy. It's all these adaptations that allows the camel to live in such an extreme environment. The absence of one or more of these adaptations would lead to the inability of camels to survive in this environment. In this day and age global warming is increasing the average temperature of the earths atmosphere, if there was a significant increase, could these organism handle an increased temperature luctuation? References: Jeremy M. B. Smith desert 2013. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Retrieved 01 March, 2013, from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/158992/desert Kohler-Rollefson, Ilse U, (1991). Camelus Dromedarius. Mammalian Species. 375 (1-8), pp. 1-4 Mares, Michael A. , (1999). Encyclopaedia of Deserts. 1st ed. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. Richards, S. A. , 1973. Adaptation to heat. In Temperature regulation. London, Wykeham Publications, pp. 191-197 as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. , (1981).The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review. 1st ed. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre of Africa Savage R . J. G & Long, M. R. , (1986). Mammal Evolution. 1st ed. United Kingdom: Facts on File & The British Museum. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1964. The Camel. In Desert Animals: physiological problems of heat and water. Oxford, Clarendon press, 277 pp as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. , (1981). The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review. 1st ed. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre of Africa

Free Essays on Grief And Loss

Abstract This paper will identify and analyze the main concepts ideas outlined in the learning goals of course grief and bereavement. The paper outlines the elements and stages of grief, as well as the complications that might arise from the process. The risk factors associated with the inability to resolve grief and the principles and techniques for effective grief therapy. The paper will also address the assessment and treatment of adults, children, and families with special attention to special types of loss and cultural considerations. The writer will identify her position on grief and bereavement and support the position with the appropriate literature. Good abstract Grief is universal and experienced by all humans at some point in life. Worden (2002), states the people have been grieving for thousands of years, long before professionals were available to assist with the process. Grief is experienced by millions of American each year and each experience is unique and different. While most grief is experienced in the context of a loss to death; grief can come from other kinds of losses including divorce, losing a beloved pet, ending a friendship, infertility, giving a child up for adoption, and even saying goodbye to adult children as they leave for college or to live on their own. All of these involve loss and another person, yet none involve death. Other losses can include losing your job, your independence, relocating or losing a beloved pet. In each case, a lose resulting in grief, even though the focus of one’s grief is not necessarily on another human being. This paper will focus on grief in the context of a loss to death. While grief is universal, no grief experience is exactly the same. One’s reaction to the death of their father can be very different from the reaction to the death of their mother, spouse, siblings or offspring. Individuals process their grief differently and some are able... Free Essays on Grief And Loss Free Essays on Grief And Loss Abstract This paper will identify and analyze the main concepts ideas outlined in the learning goals of course grief and bereavement. The paper outlines the elements and stages of grief, as well as the complications that might arise from the process. The risk factors associated with the inability to resolve grief and the principles and techniques for effective grief therapy. The paper will also address the assessment and treatment of adults, children, and families with special attention to special types of loss and cultural considerations. The writer will identify her position on grief and bereavement and support the position with the appropriate literature. Good abstract Grief is universal and experienced by all humans at some point in life. Worden (2002), states the people have been grieving for thousands of years, long before professionals were available to assist with the process. Grief is experienced by millions of American each year and each experience is unique and different. While most grief is experienced in the context of a loss to death; grief can come from other kinds of losses including divorce, losing a beloved pet, ending a friendship, infertility, giving a child up for adoption, and even saying goodbye to adult children as they leave for college or to live on their own. All of these involve loss and another person, yet none involve death. Other losses can include losing your job, your independence, relocating or losing a beloved pet. In each case, a lose resulting in grief, even though the focus of one’s grief is not necessarily on another human being. This paper will focus on grief in the context of a loss to death. While grief is universal, no grief experience is exactly the same. One’s reaction to the death of their father can be very different from the reaction to the death of their mother, spouse, siblings or offspring. Individuals process their grief differently and some are able...

3 key employee retention strategies to keep turnover low

3 key employee retention strategies to keep turnover low As an HR professional, you are keenly aware of the importance of employee retention- both for achieving target department milestones, as well as for the long-term success of your company. Beyond the sunk costs and organizational chaos that take place when there’s a constantly revolving door of employees entering and exiting a business, companies often cite employee retention as a key metric for effective daily operation and overall success.In fact, it goes further than that: companies that build reputations for consistently impressive employee retention rates bolster their brand identities- and you better believe that word travels fast, so you can count on active and passive future candidates discovering that people enjoy working at your organization for the long haul.Your company’s bottom line- and opportunities for achieving industry growth, attracting talent-rich candidates, and realizing long-term success- is dependent on effective employee retention, so you better have a strategy. If your HR team needs to take its retention plan to the next level, consider utilizing the following strategies for keeping turnover low in your organization.Know your industryThe truth is, not all industries are created equal- and neither is how employees are typically treated. What employees expect in one field may be completely different than another, and you better believe that all of the employees in your organization- including everyone from new hires to seasoned veterans- will have some level of expectation regarding how they should be treated by their employer and will respond accordingly based on their perception (regardless of whether or not it’s completely aligned with reality).This mindset isn’t relegated to just your most talented star employees or any specific department- it’s at the core of human psychology. How you’re treated or, more accurately, how you perceive that you’re treated, impacts your resultant behavior. This holds true at home, in the world, and on the job.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});So, make sure you’re keenly aware of what the standards are for your industry, and make sure your company is on target in all key areas- including salaries, benefits packages, and additional perks. Even things like your office layout and organization are going to impact employee perception. So, if you want to keep turnover low and employee satisfaction high, make sure you’re meeting their expectations regularly, which includes both current and future industry standards (so be sure to stay on top of industry shifts and trends).Lead the wayNow that you know how important it is to meet industry expectations for employees in your company, create a plan to exceed them. That’s right- in today’s ultra-competitive job market, where hungry and lean new startups are emerging every day and are eager to source new talent for their teams- todayâ⠂¬â„¢s talented job candidates have options, and the laws of attraction apply in the professional world as much as anywhere else. Progressive companies know that investing time, energy, and resources towards developing truly innovative, first-in-class employee incentives will not only attract new talent, it will help keep your existing teams from thinking about whether or not the grass is greener somewhere else. Doing so will also have the added benefit of helping to bolster your company’s brand identity- and trust us, word will spread. Pique candidate interest, and then keep hold of their attention and loyalty as employees, by offering them industry-leading incentives to keep them satisfied and doing their best work over the long haul. Don’t just keep up with other companies- innovate.Listen to your employeesThis one might seem obvious, but you may be surprised to learn that the communications pipeline between employees and leadership in many organizations tends to wo rk slowly- and oftentimes seems as if it barely works at all. Big mistake- and one that your company should actively seek to avoid. Make sure the employees on your team have the tools to voice their opinions regarding the direction of the company and their place in it- think everything from offsite gatherings to regular feedback meetings and annual employee satisfaction appraisals- and make sure that it’s not just smoke but is treated like the valuable data that it is.If employees are telling you that something is working, then keep doing it; if something is broken, then fix it. Don’t forget, active and attentive listening is a key component of any healthy relationship, including the one between employer and employee, and great companies treat their employees as more than cogs in their machines.If you’re looking to reduce employee turnover in your company, consider using the strategies presented here to keep your teams happy and eager to come to work- and do the ir absolute best- every single day of the week. If you put in the work up-front, you’ll create a warm, thriving atmosphere that’s sure to retain talented workers who will bring the results your company wants.

Higher pay is the only way to reduce corruption. Discuss Essay

Higher pay is the only way to reduce corruption. Discuss - Essay Example On the other hand, Philip (2006, p. 45) describes corruption as having to involve high public office, substantial and systematic expropriation of benefits, and significant damage to the public interest. Corruption as having to involve high public office is considered as the most important of these three conditions and the other two are complementary to it. Lee (2006, p. 221) states that corruption is a destructive crime which not only undermines quality of life but also causes injustice and inflates business costs. The seriousness of this crime leads nations to improve governance by redefining the role of government, overhauling the system of incentives, and strengthening domestic institutions in order to ensure checks and balances (Rahman, et al., 2000, p. 17). Corruption is often called â€Å"black/grey market or â€Å"underground economy† whose rules are almost similar to those of legal markets (Stachowicz-Stanusch, 2010). It is considered a risky activity because of the presence of â€Å"policing† in society (Chakrabarti and Subramanian, 2003).The economics of corruption operates in such a way as serving as a means to satisfy certain planned and desired human ends. According to Klitgaard, et al. (2000), corruption is a crime of economic calculation in that the tendency for a public official to engage in it is when there is a slim probability of being caught alongside a mild penalty with large pay-off relative to the positive incentives. Since corruption is committed within the political machinery of the state, it is not only considered an economic issue but a political issue as well (Stachowicz-Stanusch, 2010, p. 122). The economic and political aspects of corruption are certainly the basis for advocating some solutions t o this problem on an economic point of view (i.e., increasing pay and rewards) and political point of view (i.e. providing political and legal basis for

Coca-Cola Financial Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coca-Cola Financial Perspective - Essay Example The vision of the company covers internal and external factors that influence its operations (Begley, 2000). These include people, portfolio, partners, planet, profit and productivity. People-The company aims at motivating it employees to enhance their performance Portfolio-Coca-Cola aims at expanding its brand portfolio and bring to the world quality brands that meet the needs of its consumers. Partners- Coca-Cola aims at creating a strong network of suppliers and customers. Planet-Coca-Cola is focused at becoming a responsible firm that supports sustainable communities (Kurtz, 2010). Profit-To maximize shareholders returns and improve on its profitability. Productivity-Coca-Cola aims at becoming an effective and fast growing company. Overall strategy In its effort to produce quality brands that have remained competitive in the soft-drink industry, Coca-Cola has adopted a winning culture that defines its behaviors towards its 2020 vision. These include effective leadership, collabor ation, integrity, accountability, passion, diversity and quality. To ensure it remains the market leader, in the soft drink industry, the company has embarked on providing quality brands that meet the needs of its consumers (Habermas, 1989). Examples of brands manufactured by the company include Valpre, Powerade, Coke, Sprite, Nestea, and Dasani Water among others. The financial stability of Coca-Cola has been enhanced by its culture of acquisitions and merger. Key companies that have been acquired by Coca-Cola include Minute Maid, Barq’s, Odwalla, Fuze Beverage, and Columbia Pictures among others. As a result, the company has expanded its assets to reach at approximately US$ 73Â  billion. The table below indicates the financial performance of the company in 2010 and 2011 financial years. Items 2011 2010 Gross profit 28,326 22,426 Operating income 10,154 8,449 Income before income tax 11,439 14,243 Consolidated net income 8,634 11,859 Net income 8,572 1,809 From the table ab ove it is clear that while the company registered a significant increment of the gross profit, operating income and net income in 2011, the income before income tax and consolidated net income was low in 2011 as compared to 2010 (Baker, 2008). Marketing strategies Coca-Cola marketing strategies include e-marketing, product innovation, extensive advertisement and promotional strategies for example sponsorship of FIFA World Cup. In this way, the company has been able to expand its customer base as well as acquire a substantial market segment in the world soft drink market (Stephen and Kate, 2006). Coca-Cola management systems In order to improve the quality of its products, Coca-Cola has implemented Coca-Cola Operating Requirements (KORE) as one of its key management system. Key roles of KORE include improvement of the product quality, as well as safeguarding the security and health of its workers. In addition, the company has adopted eKOsystem in its bottling facilities (Stuart, 2009 ). The eKOsystem aims at initiating control measures that include water resources management, ozone protection, waste management as well as energy management. Objectives for improving the organization's financial position objectives Introduction of low priced products. To increase total sales and satisfy the customers with the gratifying taste of quality products. Production of healthy beverages lines which do not have negative effects on the consumer’